Nutrient levels—specifically nitrates (NO₃) and phosphates (PO₄)—play a critical role in coral health, coloration, and growth. While high nutrients can fuel algae and stress corals, ultra-low nutrients can starve them, leading to pale tissue and poor polyp extension. This guide explains how to find the perfect nutrient balance for your reef tank and keep it stable over time.
Nutrient | Ideal Range | Coral Role |
|---|---|---|
Nitrates | 2–10 ppm | Fuel soft tissue growth & zooxanthellae |
Phosphates | 0.02–0.1 ppm | Vital for metabolism, photosynthesis |
⚠️ Zero nutrients are not ideal. Corals require a baseline level of both for optimal health and coloration.
Excessive algae growth (film, hair, bubble)
Brown or dull coral coloration
Closed polyps and receding tissue
Faded or pale coral colors
Slow growth or skeletal dominance (especially SPS)
Zooxanthellae loss → bleaching
Use reliable test kits or automated systems:
Nitrates: Salifert, Red Sea Pro, Hanna Checker
Phosphates: Hanna ULR Phosphorus, Nyos, Elos
Automated options: Mastertronic, GHL ION Director
🧪 Test weekly, and more frequently when making adjustments.
Refugium with Chaeto or caulerpa
Protein skimmer operation optimization
Filter socks/pads changed regularly
Feed target amounts once daily or every other day
Avoid overfeeding coral food and liquid additives
Use vodka, vinegar, or NOPOX to promote bacterial export
Begin with small dosages and monitor weekly
Add an extra feeding session
Use higher-protein foods like frozen mysis or Reef Nutrition blends
Sodium nitrate for NO₃
Monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) for PO₄
(Start low: e.g., 0.05 ppm daily and adjust based on test results)
Temporarily remove chemical media like GFO or carbon
Reduce skimmer intensity or refugium photoperiod
Coral Type | Nitrate Range | Phosphate Range |
|---|---|---|
Soft Corals | 5–15 ppm | 0.05–0.1 ppm |
LPS Corals | 2–10 ppm | 0.03–0.08 ppm |
SPS Corals | 1–5 ppm | 0.02–0.06 ppm |
Mixed Reefs | 2–10 ppm | 0.03–0.08 ppm |
Test Kits: Hanna ULR, Red Sea Pro
Export Aids: AquaMaxx skimmers, Chaetomax LED
Nutrient Dosing: Brightwell NeoNitro & NeoPhos, AquaForest NP Pro
Test NO₃/PO₄ at least weekly
Clean filters & change socks every 2–3 days
Vacuum detritus during water changes
Dose additives slowly and incrementally
Observe coral behavior after each change
Nitrate and phosphate don’t operate in isolation. If you reduce one too much without addressing the other, you may disrupt microbial balance and create instability.
Nutrient management is more than chasing perfect numbers—it’s about observing coral responses and creating a balanced, self-sustaining ecosystem. By mastering nutrient balance, you’ll prevent many common health issues and unlock the full color and growth potential of your reef.
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